Science behind permanent tattoos

Hey..yeah you! The one with the beautiful ancient fire breathing dragon on your arm, I'm talking to you. Ever thought how a permanent tattoo lasts? Wouldn't the immune system clot the tattoo?

Tattoo application uses a mechanized needle to puncture the skin and eject ink into the demis, the second layer of the skin. Since the needle damages the skin, white blood cells try to absorb the ink particle to excrete it in the blood stream. Usually, this would work.

The actual secret behind the permanent nature of the tattoo is the particles of the ink and their size.
The pigment particles size are way too big to be eaten by the white blood cells, so it just sits there.

The ways to remove them are crazy dangerous, but it works. I meant Methods like burning it and cutting it out. But a much safer way is for a laser treatment. The laser beam would break the ink particles small enough to be flushed out by the white blood cells into the blood stream. But it causes problems like formation of scars and sometimes the tattoo doesn't come off completely!

The Tiger Shark

• Tiger Shark is scientifically known as ' Galeocerdo Cuvier '. 

• It has a maximum growth of 13 to 16 feet and weighs up to 385 to   635 kilograms. 

• They have 48 medium sized teeth.

• They prey mostly on bony fishes, dolphins and turtles.

• Tiger Sharks require about 10 kilograms of food per day.

• They can attain top speeds of 20 mph.

• They have a lifespan of over 12 human years.

• Tiger Sharks are known as the ' garbage cans of the sea '.

• They are the only heir of its Genus and are only about 2 to 2.5 feet   in length when they are born.

• Tiger Sharks are ranked as 2nd in highest attacks on humans after   the Great White. 

• They have a lateral line on their body to help detect minute  vibrations to kill prey and can swim down to depths of 3000 feet.   

• But this Gamer fish is part of ' vulnerable species '. They   are hunted for their fins, flesh and liver. 

SAY IT LOUD,
SAY IT PROUD,

I AM A BIO GEEK !!

The Hammerhead Shark

• Hammerheads are flesh eating Sharks. 
• scientific name is Spyrnidae.
• grow up to 20 feet in length and weigh 580 kg. 
• have numerous small, but deadly teeth of size 2 cm. They live up to 25 - 35 human years of age.
• top speeds go up to 25 mph. They get their name ' Hammerhead ' because of their unique head structure resembling that of a hammer. 
• actually a shape known as ' Cephacoil '. They prey mostly on Squids, Stingrays and Octopuses. 
• are over 200 Hammerhead species and the most aggressive of them all is the ' Great Hammerhead '. 
• a highly evolved adaptable body temperature and are mostly grey with green tint. 
• tint helps them to blend in with the water making them a perfect predator.

STAY TUNED FOR MORE !!

SAY IT LOUD,

SAY IT PROUD,

I AM A BIO GEEK !!

The Link between stress and memory

Let's say you have a test comping up. You have been preparing for weeks now and have completely gotten ready. On the day of the test, you were given the question paper and suddenly....you're blank, you forgot the meaning of the word, ' Ataraxia '. You were stressed, you know you have read it somewhere, but you just can't remember. 

• Whatever you see, read or hear gets stored in the Brain as memories.
• order to become permanent memories, information have to be consolidated by the hippocampus, controlled by the amygdala which emphasizes experiences related to strong emotions. 
• hippocampus then codes memories into the Brain. Once encoded, the memories can be remembered, it is usually the prefrontal cortex that has most memories. But how does stress affect you memory ?

• Actually, moderate stress can help experiences enter your memory.
• Brain responds to stressful stimuli by releasing hormones like corticosteroids which activates a threat response in the amygdala and make memory making faster.
• when huge doses of corticosteroids are secreted, it hampers the process of making and remembering memories. 
• threatened amygdala does not allow the prefrontal cortex to help revive information which leads to your mind going blank.
• can be averted by making yourself used to a stressful environment by solving timed tests or by sitting at a desk to resemble that of a classroom and to exercise. All this to ensure that you be ATARAXIC next time.

ATARAXIA : THE STATE OF CALMNESS, FREE FROM ANXIETY

SAY IT LOUD,

SAY IT PROUD,

I AM A BIO GEEK !!

Science behind tan

• Tanning is the process of the skin to darken its color. 
• Tanning takes place when the pigment in your skin reacts to ultraviolet rays. 
• It takes place in the epidermis, the outer layer.
• Skin contains special pigment cells called melanocytes, these cells contain a pinkish pigment known as  melanin, that gives us our skin color.
• There are two types of UV rays: The UV-A and UV-B. 
• The skin is exposed to UV-B, melanocytes produce melanin, that travels through the layers of skin and gets absorbed by other skin cells. 
• the skin is exposed to UV-A, the melanin darkens. This darkening of your skin is its way to protect itself from excessive UV light, which we call a tan.
• can also be done in a lot of ways like using a tomato facial. It treats pigmentation effectively and brings the glow back after a tan, improving one's skin complexion. 
• 
  

SAY IT LOUD,
SAY IT PROUD,

I AM A BIO GEEK !!